![]() This novel mode of regulating gene expression was first thought to be a phenomenon exclusive to C. These 2 studies together brought forth a model wherein base pairing occurred between multiple lin-4 small RNAs to the complementary sites in the 3′ UTR of lin-14 mRNA, thereby causing translational repression of lin-14 and subsequent progression from L1 to L2 during C. The binding between these complementary regions decreased LIN-14 protein expression without causing any significant change in its mRNA levels. Later this group, 93 along with Wightman et al, 183 found that the smaller RNA had antisense complementarity to multiple sites in the 3′ UTR of lin-14 mRNA. The longer sequence formed a stem-loop structure and served as a precursor for the shorter RNA. Instead, it gave rise to 2 small RNAs approximately 21 and 61 nucleotides in length. Interestingly, the transcribed lin-4 was not translated into a biologically active protein. Furthermore, the downregulation of LIN-14 was found to be dependent on the transcription of a second gene called lin-4. ![]() In these organisms, the downregulation of LIN-14 protein was found to be essential for the progression from the first larval stage (L1) to L2. miRNAs were discovered in 1993 by Lee and colleagues 93 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. ![]() Follow-up studies also revealed that in addition to repressing translation, miRNA binding to its target mRNA also triggered the recruitment and association of mRNA decay factors, leading to mRNA destabilization, degradation, and resultant decrease in expression levels. They primarily function by binding to complementary target sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA) and interfering with the translational machinery, thereby preventing or altering the production of the protein product. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (~19–24 nucleotides in length), endogenous, evolutionarily conserved RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. But regardless of whether you treat it as a game or a clever application, the spirit remains the same: simplicity, creativity and beauty.MicroRNAs: Introduction and a Brief History The emphasis lies in experiencing the sheer joy of the interaction. ![]() While it offers the objective-based play of a game, it also entertains casual tinkering. Zen Bound treads a fine line between game and toy then. All the while, ethereal tones encourage the contemplation. Pink blossoms bloom with each successfully painted ornament, the petals gleaming in the light of paper lanterns that sway according to the movements of your handset. Levels are selected via cherry trees, their gnarled branches adorned with tokens representing each shape to be bound by rope. This same tranquil spirit flow through the game's presentation. You can also stay with a level for as long as desired to work around every odd corner and crevice. Objects don't need to be completely painted before moving to the next either - the generous difficulty curve offered through the minimum percentage covered limit allows you to partially paint ornaments and still access later levels. On the contrary, Zen Bound possesses a meditative quality that pervades both presentation and play. There's no time limit to pressure you to paint each object quickly nor are there any other elements that prompt urgency. By touching the object, you can also rotate it in all directions, helped at times by using two fingers to twist it into whatever position you currently need.Įach level has a limited amount of rope, so it takes a steady hand and a thoughtful disposition to get inside every corner and round every contour before tying the rope off onto a second nail. Tilting the handset changes the direction the rope is pulled, allowing you to navigate it carefully around the often intricate shapes. The rope is attached by a nail, pulled tight by an imaginary source somewhere off screen. Think of it as gamer bondage with a splash of DIY thrown in for good measure. The goal, naturally, is to cover the entire surface area of the ornament with paint by cleverly wrapping it with rope. Winding the rope around the ornament lays down the paint. ![]() Zen Bound presents you with a series of carved wooden ornaments which need to be painted using a taut line of rope. Only when it sits in your hands can you understand just how it transcends comparison.īut that’s what you’re here for, so I shall endeavour to put Zen Bound into words. When it comes to Zen Bound however, the issue is more prosaic: there’s absolutely nothing you can compare it to. Comparing one game to another can be illuminating, but it’s not helpful if you've never played the games in question. ![]()
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